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Sydney
Sydney is the capital city of New South Wales and Australia's most populous capital city with 4.25 million residents. Sydney is situated on Port Jackson, more commonly known as "Sydney Harbour". Sydney has two of the most iconic Australian features in the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Sydney was the host of the 2000 Olympic Games, which successfully raised the city's global profile. Though comprised of a large, sometimes sprawling population, Sydney nonetheless retains many large public spaces and lush green parklands-the city is literally surrounded by national parks, which extend even into the suburbs and the shores of the Sydney Harbour. DistrictsSydney sprawls extensively around Sydney Harbour, up the Parramatta River to the west, along the adjacent coastlines (both north and south) and across the surrounding Cumberland Plain to the Blue Mountains. The city and its suburbs form a vast metropolitan area. Owing to the city's size and variety, the districts of Sydney remain notoriously difficult to categorise.Central SydneySydney City - the Central Business District (CBD) of Sydney, the historical centre of government, retail, finance, culture and entertainment The Rocks - bordering Sydney Cove to the west, includes the first colonial village of Sydney and the iconic Harbour Bridge Darling Harbour - an extensive, enjoyable leisure and entertainment area immediately to the west of the CBD, the area is also home to many luxury hotels Kings Cross - chic bars, blinding neon signs and clubs, Kings Cross is Sydney's red light district. Darlinghurst - once the site of countless brothels, now the site of chic and stylish eateries and the heart of the gay community. Paddington - ranging from the camp (Darlinghurst end) to the posh (Woollahra end), Paddington is a must for upmarket fashion addicts and drinkers. Chinatown - Chinese culture and cuisine! North of the HarbourNorth Sydney - across the Harbour, linked to the CBD by the famous Harbour Bridge and the Harbour Tunnel, a major business and shopping district. the North Shore- leafy suburbs stretching northwards from the Harbour, its inhabitants tending to be wealthy "well-to-do" middle-class families. The North Shore area includes a large number of the most expensive and prestigious private schools. the Northern Beaches - from Manly to Palm Beach the Hills District is a largely residential area around 30 minutes to the North and West. Heading Eastthe Eastern Suburbs - between the City and the sea, includes the world-famous Bondi Beach and other city beaches, which are all hubs for visitors and residents in the city during summer. Heading Westthe Inner West - Sydney's original suburbs are now bohemian, but still affordable. In particular, King Street, Newtown offers a hub of cheap eats, shopping and inner-city culture. Homebush Bay - home of the Sydney Olympic Park, providing venues for sports and outdoor activities. Parramatta - the historical core of western Sydney, now a thriving commercial, tourist and retail centre, around thirty minutes from Sydney by car, train or ferry. the Outer West stretching from Parramatta out to the Blue Mountains and the South West with the centres of Liverpool and Campbelltown are a large swathe of residential and commercial Sydney containing over half its population. Heading SouthSouthern Sydney - the area south of the CBD and north of the Georges River, including the area surrounding Sydney Airport and Botany Bay Sutherland Shire is the district to the far south and east of the city center including Cronulla. HistorySydney is the oldest European settlement in Australia, having been founded as a British penal colony on 26 January 1788 (now celebrated as Australia Day, the national public holiday, with major festivities around the city and the Harbour).ClimateSydney is generally comfortable for travellers to visit any time of year. The average annual temperature in central Sydney is 25°C (77°F). The city enjoys in excess of 300 sunny days each year. Summer can be extremely hot, with temperatures climbing to over 40 degrees Celsius for a number of days, accompanied by stifling humidity and dry hot winds. Sydney is generally well equipped with air conditioning in public buildings, while the beaches are a popular destination for the cooler sea breezes -- just remember sun protection is a must, as sunburn from UV exposure is extreme throughout Australia! Summer is also the season when bush fires on the margins of Sydney is a constant threat. For this reason, in hot weather lighting of outdoor fires (non-gas BBQ's etc) is frequently banned (reported as a "total fire ban" during weather reports). Fines for those who light open fires on total fire ban days apply. Winter in Sydney is generally cool - daytime temperatures rarely drop below 13°C, but night-time temperatures can fall to below 9°C. Most travellers to Sydney would agree that autumn and spring are the best times to visit. March and April, especially, tend to have clear, warm days with mild nights. Spring is very similar September to November, though perhaps with the chance of more rain. If you wish to make the most of Sydney's beaches, visit between late-October and early-April. Outside of these times it is generally considered too cold to swim in the ocean.Getting inBy planeSydney has one major airport (SYD, Mascot, or Kingsford-Smith): Sydney Kingsford Smith International Airport is Australia's largest international and domestic airport, located 8 km from the city centre at Mascot in Southern Sydney Multiple daily flights link Sydney with key city destinations in the Pacific, Asia, Europe and North America. The Asian-Pacific transport hubs of Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok and Tokyo are particularly well-served, as are various European centres via Asia. Multiple flight links also exist with New Zealand. In addition, the west coast of the US and Hawaii are popular inbound / outbound destinations. Travelers from Europe and the Middle East tend to travel into Sydney via Asia, whilst travelers from South America fly via either North America or New Zealand. You can fly to Sydney directly from all other Australian capital cities and from many major regional airports. Otherwise, you will usually need to fly to the state capital and transfer to a Sydney flight. Sydney can be reached within an hour and a half from Melbourne and Brisbane, a little less from Canberra and just under four hours from Perth.Airlines and TerminalsInternational terminal (T1)- handles all international flights. Sydney Airport is the only airport in Australia with connections to every continent. Domestic sectors of international flights can also arrive and depart from here. You can fly a domestic sector to Sydney or Melbourne and end up departing or arriving from the International terminal. Check your itinerary and flight number as connections, customs etc will take longer when arriving or departing from the International Terminal even on a domestic flight! Domestic terminal 2 (T2)- largest domestic terminal at the aiport, some airlines include Qantas & Qantaslink (Qantas flights 1600 and above), Aeropelican, Regional Express (Rex), Jetstar and Virgin Blue Domestic terminal 3 (T3)- handles only Qantas flights from 450-1599, which are mainly the inter-capital services. Qantas Cityflyer flights generally depart and arrive at Terminal 3.Transferring between terminalsTransferring between T2 and T3 is by walking. However if you have to get between T2/T3 and T1 you cannot walk, as the terminals are on opposite sides of the airport tarmac. You will have to use one of the following methods to transfer.If you are connecting through with Qantas, they offer an air-side shuttle service. Catch the train ($4.70), which is part of the Sydney suburban train system, not a terminal shuttle train. It is a 2 minute journey with around 15 minute frequency. Follow the train signs from the terminal. Make sure you are going the right way, and only stay on the train a single stop. T-bus ($5.00) outside the terminal building. The T-bus is a dedicated terminal shuttle and uses the normal roads. It will take around 10 minutes, but can get stuck in Sydney traffic at peak times. Taxi ($10.00). A taxi driver may not be happy transferring you between terminals, as he/she would have been expecting a trip to the city or further, and may have been waiting in a queue for an hour or so. Still, you want to get between terminals, so load up your luggage in the boot, sit firmly in the seat, close the door, tell the driver where you want to go, and ignore everything else. The trip will take around 10 minutes. It is a legal requirement for the taxi driver to take you there, but unfortunately not a legal requirement for them to smile while doing so. This problem has been slightly reduced by a new system that allows the driver to tell the taxi controller that they received a short fare, they are then allowed to jump the queue. Sydney airport is world class in many respects, but terminal transfers are clumsy, and will surprise those who are used to terminal shuttles in other developed airports worldwide. Transport Options from the Airport to the City. A train service known as Airport Link connects Sydney Airport and the CBD, single fares are about $12. Airport Link connects with the Cityrail commuter rail system and shares a ticketing system, and you can buy a ticket directly to any Cityrail destination. The trains can be busy weekdays during the morning peak [07:30-09:30] as trains that service the Airport also carry commuters to the City. several mini-bus operators will drive a group of passengers to the city and deliver them to their hotels - a typical charge is $8-$10 per passenger Taxis to the city centre should cost approximately $25-$30 (including tolls), a little more to other Sydney destinations (The Rocks $35-40, North Sydney $35, Manly $50, etc.) A $2 airport toll is also payable by all passengers taking a taxi from any of Sydney Airport's taxi ranks (added to the fare). If arriving on a Friday evening it is possible to face long queues for taxis. Vehicle rental is available at all Sydney Airport terminals from a variety of rental companies, although car rental will typically be more expensive than public transport. Local Buses operate from Sydney Airport to the suburbs. The route 400 bus runs to Bondi Junction and Burwood via Rockdale Station. The 400 bus to Rockdale ($2.90/International $3.90/Domestic) and train to the city ($3.20) is the cheapest way to get to the city. If you purchase a "Red" bus/train/ferry travelpass for $33 it lasts for 7 days and covers this entire route to the city. A surcharge is payable to use the Airport Link train, however. It is worth considering what your travel arrangements will be while in Sydney before purchasing a public transport ticket to the city as many multi-day and tourist tickets include some or all of the travel cost to to the city. By carSydney is within a reasonable driving distance (minimum 10 hours driving) of Melbourne, Brisbane and Adelaide. Most people allow two days to cover this distance.Melbourne - Sydney = 862 km via Albury-Wodonga (Hume Highway) Adelaide - Sydney = 1422km via Mildura or 1659km via Broken Hill (National Highway 32) Brisbane - Sydney = 938 km via the coast (Pacific Highway) or 961 km via Armidale (New England Highway) If renting a car check the daily distance allowances and any one-way charge that may apply. Cars may be rented at the airport and elsewhere from major rental companies, or at smaller, less conveniently located, cheaper companies. By trainAll major train links to Sydney terminate at Sydney's Central Station in the south of the CBD area. Travellers can transfer to Cityrail trains or the light rail service to Darling Harbour, as well as to taxis. New South Wales' long distance train service CountryLink (ph 13 22 32 within Australia) runs daily services to Sydney from Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra and many regions of New South Wales including the North Coast, New England, the Central West and the Southern Highlands. Travelling time from Melbourne and Brisbane is around 12 hours. Fares range between $30 and $100 for standard class seats. The Indian Pacific train service (ph 13 21 47 within Australia) runs from Perth to Sydney via Adelaide and Broken Hill. Adult fares from Perth are $1250 for a sleeper cabin and $513 for a seat. Children's fares are $805 for a sleeper cabin and $139 for a seat. The train departs from Perth on Wednesdays and arrives at Sydney on Saturdays. Note that these fares are much higher than return plane fares to Perth, this journey is really for train journey enthusiasts who want to see the interior of Australia. The Cityrail network runs services several times a day from close regional cities: Newcastle via the Central Coast (New South Wales), Goulburn via the Southern Highlands, Nowra via the South Coast and Lithgow via the Blue Mountains. Fares on these trains range from $4 - $25 for adult.Get aroundSydney has a good public transport system, especially in areas closer to the city area where many attractions are. You can find out timetables, fares, and routes by phoning 131 500 within Australia for the cost of a local call, or by visiting 131500.info. The further away from the city you travel, the less frequent and comprehensive public transport services will tend to be. The cheapest way to use the buses, trains and ferries is to purchase one of the many travel cards: multi-use tickets typically sold at a 10-20% discount. Some (for trains, buses or multi-modal) are unlimited use within a time limit (e.g. 1 day or 1 week), others (for buses and ferries only) let you travel for ten trips but have no time limit. Information about the discounted commuter tickets and leisure tickets is available from Cityrail; otherwise a quick visit to the TransitShops in Circular Quay (cnr of Loftus & Alfred Sts) or outside the Queen Victoria Building or the information booth at Central Station will get you all the info you need. Most newsagents also stock travel cards. If you are in Sydney for a week or more, or even planning a busy day on the ferries then one of these passes will save you a few dollars. Of particular interest to short-term visitors are the CityHopper ticket ($6.80 adults and $3.40 children, cheaper if bought after 10am) which allows unlimited train travel for a day in the centre of the train network; the DayTripper ticket ($15 adults and $7 children) which allows unlimited travel on all metropolitan Cityrail trains, Sydney Bus services and Sydney Ferry services; and the longer term SydneyPass tickets, allowing unlimited travel for up to 8 days including tourist services. An alternative is the week-long Red TravelPass which includes all trains, buses and ferries in the inner Sydney area for around $30. Note that there are private buses and ferries away from the city that do not accept the above mentioned travel cards and will require the purchase of cash tickets.CarOutside of peak times (7am to 9am, and 4pm until 6pm) you can drive around Sydney reasonably freely. Outside of peak times travelling by car is usually at least as quick as any method of public transport. Roads are generally well sign posted to the next major suburb or suburbs along the route. Only a handful of cross-city met-roads are sign posted by number.Many outlying areas are served by freeways many of which charge tolls ranging from from $2 to $6. On some tollways there is the option to pay in cash but three roads: the Cross-City Tunnel (which passes underneath the CBD area), the Westlink M7 (the western ring freeway) and the Lane Cove tunnel, are exclusively electronic tollways with no traditional tollbooths. Tolls may only be paid by purchasing an electronic pass from the tollway management up to 24 hours before or after using the road. The number to call or website to visit is displayed as you go pass the tolling point. Beware that if you are in a rental car and do not call in to pay the toll, the rental car company charge a substantial fee to your credit card. Tolls are payable over the phone by credit card. Driving your car in the Sydney CBD is possible but parking is expensive. Expect to pay up to $50 per day at some central parking lots, and around $25 even with specials. CBD hotels invariably charge for parking for the guests. As with the rest of Australia, driving is on the left hand side of road. Travel times from the CBD to outlying suburbs can range from 30 minutes if you use freeways to 60+ minutes if tolls are avoided. As an indication, travelling between Sydney CBD and Penrith, one of the furthest West suburbs at the base of the Blue Mountains takes approximately 60 minutes if using the M4 motorway outside of peak hour. Speed limits are posted in kilometres. Stay alert for speed limit changes and for school speed zones enforced at certain times of day. It is not unusual for high speed roads to drop to 40km/h for school zones or to 50km/h for areas with high pedestrian activity. Speed cameras often monitor these locations. TaxiTaxis are a convenient way to get around Sydney if you don't know it. They can also be the only transport option available late at night when the trains and buses stop. All Sydney taxis are metered: it's rare for drivers to forget to turn the meter on, but it's important to check the meter because there are two meter rates: a day rate (rate 1) with a flag fall of $2.90, a distance rate of $1.68 a kilometre, a waiting rate of $0.72 a minute and a booking fee of $1.50; and a night rate (rate 2) which adds a 20% surcharge to the distance rate. The night rate applies for journeys commencing between 10pm and 6am: check the meter of your taxi at other times for a 1 or a 2 next to the current charge: if it's set to 2, remind your driver to switch to the day rate. Passengers are expected to pay all tolls for their trip. In addition, passengers who are taken north over the Harbour Bridge, for which there is no toll, are expected to pay the driver's southbound toll for the return into the city (currently $3). Drivers will sometimes take toll roads without asking you, and will simply add the toll amounts before quoting the fare. Do ask if you are unsure why they are asking for an amount above that shown on the meter. Multiple taxi companies provide services to potential passengers; Taxis Combined (tel 131 008) perhaps provide the most extensive coverage. Tipping is never expected anywhere in Australia, but it might be nice if you round a taxi fare up to the next dollar (or five or ten dollars, depending on the base fare).TrainSydneys rail system map here. Sydney has an extensive suburban rail network operated by CityRail. Sydney trains are often very crowded in peak hour, but a CityRail train may be the fastest way to get to the CBD. The complex rail network sometimes experiences delays, especially during rain. Cityrail operates with 30 minute frequency to all metropolitan stations and 10 minute frequencies to major destinations and transit hubs such as Chatswood, Bondi Junction, Hurstville, Parramatta, Bankstown, Blacktown and Liverpool. The Cityrail timetable has a weekday service and a weekend and holiday service. Cityrail also operates lines to regional cities such as Newcastle and Wollongong and into the Blue Mountains at hourly frequency. This allows you to sit back and enjoy the journey rather than suffer the hassle of driving in foreign conditions, but offers limited travel options when arriving at the destination. All stations are fully equipped with CCTV and trains at night have designated NightSafe carriages and station areas with emergency intercoms and security patrols, making catching trains at night a viable (and cheaper) alternative to taxis. In addition to the discounted tickets discussed above, Cityrail has single trip and return trip tickets valid until 4am the day after purchase. There are discounted single and return trip tickets for children, students and pensioners. A return trip ticket is much cheaper than two single tickets if you purchase it after 9am (called off peak). Outside of operating hours, between 12am (1am on Fridays and Saturdays) and 5am, NightRide buses are available on most routes within Sydney. Any CityRail train ticket is valid for the equivalent NightRide bus except a single. If you don't have a ticket, you'll need to buy a NightRide single from the driver, which is more expensive than a single for the train. NightRide buses stop at most CityRail stations and a few additional stops. They don't travel on the same routes. If you intend catching a NightRide bus home, check the NightRide route map on the back cover of each timetable or at the station while you are waiting for your train. You must always purchase a ticket for the entire journey before boarding a train from either the ticket office or from the ticket machines that are located on most stations. Ticket offices have limited opening hours at suburban stations. There is no opportunity to buy a ticket onboard or at the destination. If you are caught by an inspector travelling without a ticket the fine is at least $200 and up to $550. If you are found with a student or pensioner ticket and you don't have the appropriate authorisation card, the same fine applies. Be aware that the ticket machines accept up to $50 notes but will only give $20 in change. Within the city area there is a light rail system run by Metro Light Rail. It connects Central station to Darling Harbour, Star City Casino and the inner western suburbs.BusSydney has an extensive bus network.Sydney Buses (Government Buses)Most of the buses in the inner city and inner suburbs are run by the government owned Sydney Buses. Their buses are mainly blue and white, with The rest of the commuter network is run by private bus companies. These services don't compete so you'll usually only have one way of getting somewhere by bus. A Sydney bus fare depends on how far you are travelling, measured in "sections" of about 1.8 kilometres. Tickets can be bought in cash when boarding the bus. State your destination to the driver. Drivers may be able to give change for a $20 note, but it pays to use lower-denomination coins and notes. One day bus-only tickets (Bustripper/$11.70) are also available when boarding the bus. All other discount tickets (10-ride/Travelten|7-day/Travelpass) must be bought in advance from newsagents or railway stations before getting on the bus. There are two main bus termination points in the [Sydney/City|CBD], at Wynyard and Citcular Quay. These two point are about 10 minutes walk from each other or a one-stop train trip. You will need to make this walk if connection from buses from North to the East. Check the destination of the bus. From late night to dawn, most buses cease running with the exception of a few trunk routes that run at a reduced frequency.Private BusesOutside of the city and inner suburbs, private bus companies provide services to varying degrees of frequency and reliability (but generally significantly less frequent during off-peak periods and weekends). They do not accept tickets from government buses or multi-modal tickets, although single fares cost the same.Tourist BusesThe red Sydney Explorer loop bus. The Explorer visits 26 stops around the city, and a ticket ($36) allows unlimited rides for one day and services run every 20 minutes. FerrySydney Ferries run all around the harbour and up the Parramatta River. The central hub is at Circular Quay at the north of the CBD. More than just a utilitarian means of transport, the ferries are a great way to see the harbourside. The best ferry excursion for visitors is from Circular Quay to Manly. Be prepared to take a stunning photograph of the Sydney Opera House and the Harbour Bridge as you leave Circular Quay.Metro and MonorailIn 1997 the Metro Light Rail opened, and now operates one route from Central to Lilyfield in Sydney's Inner West. The Sydney Monorail was built for the 1988 Bicentennary celebrations. It runs on a loop through the central business district and Darling Harbour, linking many tourist attractions Both Metro Light Rail and the Monorail are operated by Connex. The Light Rail is rather small, yet it is very reliable. The line travels 7.2 km from Central Station to Lilyfield, making 14 stops. The line runs on-street from Central to Haymarket, and then follows the alignment of an old goods line through Ultimo, Pyrmont and Glebe to Lilyfield.BikeIf you want to see a particular area of the city, a bicycle may be suitable. However, Sydney is a reasonably hilly city and many parts of it are not at all cyclist friendly. It is illegal for adults to ride bicycles on footpaths unless they are especially marked for cyclists or they are cycling with children under 12. Bicycle helmets are required by law, as are lights and reflectors at night.Bonza Bike Tours, + 61 (0)2 9331 1127, (e-mail: info@bonzabiketours.com),. Bonza Bike Tours offers bike hire/rental for full and half days. They offer top of the line equipment, and hire/rental includes a bicycle (men's or women's), helmet, bike lock, bike mounted bag (for smaller items), and secure storage for larger bags while you are out. Bonza can provide you with information on some of the best areas to visit. LandmarksThe Sydney Harbour Bridge: The Harbour Bridge, crosses the harbour from the city to North Sydney. You can walk or cycle across the Harbour Bridge free of charge. You can climb the arch with BridgeClimb Sydney Opera House located in the city, millions of tourists a year visit the architectural masterpiece, even if they have little or no interest in Opera. The Sydney Opera House is easily one of the most famous structures ever built. Darling Harbour is a large tourist precinct and includes a range of activities, restaurants, museums and shopping facilities. Sydney Olympic Park: Home of the 2000 Summer Olympics (known as "the best Games ever"!), in Homebush. Luna Park:, 1 Olympic Dr., Milson's Point, tel: 02 9033 7676, Luna Park Is a large theme park situated near the Sydney Harbour Bridge, it's mouth shaped entrance can be seen from many areas of Sydney as well as the large Ferris Wheel. Sydney Tower: also called Centrepoint Tower. The tallest structure in Sydney, the tower contains a buffet, cafe and a rather large restaurant and attracts many visitors a year. Museums and galleriesMuseums and galleries are concentrated in the city and in Darling Harbour.The Australian Museum in the city. The Australian National Maritime Museum, 2 Murray Street in Darling Harbour. Art Gallery of NSW in the city. The Powerhouse Museum in Darling Harbour. The Museum of Contemporary Art in the city. The Museum of Sydney in the city. WildlifeTaronga Zoo in North Sydney. The Koala Park Sanctuary in the Outer West. Sydney Aquarium in Darling Harbour Featherdale Wildlife Park, in western Sydney. Australian Reptile Park, about an hour north of Sydney, with much more than just reptiles. Sydney HarbourThe harbour is served by a dedicated ferry service which transports passengers across the harbour. An excellent way to see both the harbor and Sydney attractions is to take a ferry from Circular Quay to Taronga Zoo, Manly or Parramatta. There are a number of islands in the centre of the harbor which you can visit for a picnic: Shark, Goat, Clark and Rodd Islands. These are very beautiful and have magnificent views of sailing boats on the harbor and of Sydney's harborside buildings. At most times of the year they will be nearly deserted. You will need to reserve a place and pay a fee of approximately $5 per head to the National Parks and Wildlife Service (ph 02 9960 6266 or fax 02 9960 3965). You also cannot moor a boat at any of these islands. Goat, Rodd and Clark islands are not served by ferries, so unless you can arrange for a private drop-off, you will need to charter a water taxi at a cost of approximately $20 per head. Contact Water Taxis Combined by phoning 02 9247 5033. Shark Island is served by an hourly Matilda Cruises ferry on weekends; the price of $16.00 roundtrip per adult includes the National Park landing fee or visit www.casualcruises.com.au for their Sydney Harbour Cruises packages. You can arrange a guided tour of the islands by contacting Cadmans Cottage, 100 George Street, The Rocks. ph 02 9247 5033. fax 02 9241 3303.Fort Denison is another, more popular, island on the harbor. Its entire area is a large fort, completed in 1857 and built to defend Sydney against Russian attack. The National Parks and Wildlife Service runs a half-hour guided tour for $22 per adult, $18 per child and $72 for a 4 person family. They also run a morning brunch for $47 adults and $43 children. Contact Cadmans Cottage as above. The world famous Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race begins every year on Boxing Day, on Sydney Harbour. Thousands of spectator craft take to the water to farewell the yachts as they set off on their grueling journey to Hobart. Seaworthy craft follow the yachts through the Sydney Heads into the open ocean. The private hire water taxi service H2O Taxis have an offshore service that is suitable for this and other offshore activities such as scuba diving. Contact them on 1300 426 829. You can also see the race from a harbour vantage point like Watsons Bay and many others. ArchitectureSydney's skyline is large and widely recognizable. Sydney also possesses a wide array of diversity of modern and old architectural style. They range from the simple Francis Greenways Georgian buildings, to Jorn Utzon's expressionist, the Sydney Opera House. Sydney also has a large amount of Victorian buildings, such as the Sydney Town Hall and the Queen Victoria Building. The most architecturally significant would be the Sydney Opera House, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, among many others. Skyscrapers in Sydney are also large and modern such as the Sydney Tower, which dominates the Sydney skyline.There are also pockets of architecturally signifiant housing dotted around Sydney's suburbs. The inner-eastern suburb of Paddington is known for it's terrace houses, while several inner-west suburbs contian streets lined with so-called federation houses (built around the time of Australian federation in 1901). Further away on the lower North Shore, Castlecrag is a unique suburb, being planned by the architect Walter Burley Griffin in the 1930s. To DoSydney's Luna Park Swim at one of Sydney's many beaches try Bondi, Manly, Coogee, Cronulla or Wattamulla See a movie at Fox Studios (now called "The Entertainment Quarter") in the Eastern Suburbs, or a performance at the Opera House. Swing by the Royal Botanic Gardens and the Art Gallery of New South Wales (free admission) on the edge of the gardens. Visit the Australian Museum, the Powerhouse Museum, and the Museum of Contemporary Art. Cycle around Centennial Park in the Eastern Suburbs Visit the IMAX Theatre, which provides a movie experience with one of the largest cinema screens in the southern hemisphere. Catch a game of football Australian Rules (AFL), Rugby Union and Rugby League (March to September). Catch a ferry from Circular Quay to Manly. Before returning to the Sydney CBD, walk the from the Manly ferry wharf along the Manly Corso to famous Manly Beach. A great day, afternoon or evening out at a fraction of the price of a commercial harbour cruise. A great alternative to the standard bus/boat/walking tour is a guided bicycle tour. A bike tour allows you the freedom to get up close to the attractions, while ensuring that you will have time to see all that you want to see (which you certainly couldn't do by foot in a single day). Bonza Bike Tours offers really fun guided bicycle tours, including the "Sydney Classic" which covers many of Sydney's most popular sites. It is a great way to see all that city has to offer. The ride is easy and is especially perfect for someone that is in Sydney for a just short period of time. The Sydney Classic tour rides two times a day and costs $60 for adults and $45 for children/students/backpackers. (info@BonzaBikeTours.com, +61 02 9331 1127, www.bonzabiketours.com) Kayak Sydney Harbour. Because of wind and waves kayaking is easier in Sydney Harbour than in the oceanside suburbs. Kayaks can be rented from Sydney Harbour Kayaks at the Spit Bridge (info@sydneyharbourkayaks.com.au, +61 2 99604389, www.sydneyharbourkayaks.com.au) Sail aboard a yacht. There are a number of yacht charter rentals in Sydney for your choosing. WalkThere are many picturesque and interesting walks throughtout Sydney. The following are just a few of the better-known routes.Coogee beach to Bondi Following the eastern coastline past several of Sydney's beautiful beaches. Stop off for a swim if you get too hot. Manly to the Spit Along the foreshore of Sydney Harbour - www.manlyweb.com.au Circular Quay and surrounds Start underneath the Sydney Harbour Bridge, then walk past the The Rocks, Circular Quay, the Sydney Opera House, the Royal Botanical Gardens and Mrs Macquarie's Chair. Sydney Harbour BridgeThe Sydney Harbour Bridge has an excellent view of the city, especially at dawn and dusk, although the drivers and train passengers relegated to the middle of the Bridge don't see it. There are four things to do on the Bridge:Cross it on one of the protected lanes on either side of the bridge accessible from Milsons Point in North Sydney or the Rocks in the city. The eastern side is reserved for pedestrians and the western side for cyclists and there is no toll. Climb to the Pylon Lookout on the south east pylon. ph 02 9240 1100. fax 02 9241 2151. email pylonlookout@bridgeclimb.com. See the bridge climb view for less time and money, with a little less excitement. The pylon is open 10am to 5pm every day except Christmas Day. Admission is $8.50 adults, $3 children under 13, and free for children under 7. www.pylonlookout.com.au Bridge Climb, 5 Cumberland Street, The Rocks. ph 02 8274 7777. fax 02 9240 1122. Climb to the very top of the Bridge. Note that this climb is more demanding than climbing a set of stairs: you will be fitted with special climbing suits and secured and you must be 12 or over to climb. The climb takes three and a half hours and a climb leaves every ten minutes. You can climb during the day, at twilight and at night. Book your climb as early as possible as the climb is very popular. Standard rates are $160 adults and $100 children (Monday to Thursday, day and night climbs), $185 adults and $125 children (Friday to Saturday, day and night climbs), and $225 adults and $175 children (all week, twilight climbs). Peak rates are in place between the 25th December and 9th January and are $195 adults and $125 children (day and night climbs) and $250 adults and $175 children (twilight). www.bridgeclimb.com FestivalsSydney is home to a number of major and minor festivals and calendar events each year:The Sydney Festival is an arts festival held in January each year. It aims to be international in reach, inviting acclaimed international artists to exhibit their work or perform in Sydney. A number of free outdoor events are held alongside the festival including the hugely popular Jazz in the Domain and Symphony in the Domain concerts held in the Domain in the city. www.sydneyfestival.org.au The Royal Easter Show is the major agricultural show in New South Wales, and is held around Easter each year at Sydney Olympic Park in the Outer West. Farmers from all over the state come to show their prize produce. But it isn't just an agricultural show: a huge number of amusement ride operators set up for the Show as well, together with vendors of the worst kind of child baiting junk food: fairy floss and deep fried hot dogs (known as "dagwood dogs" or "pluto pups"). www.eastershow.com.au New Year's Eve has become a major event in Sydney over the last few years, with the fireworks display ranking among the world's best. Displays of pyrotechnics centre around Sydney Harbour, near the Harbour bridge ( including fireworks shot from the bridge itself ). There are two shows, a "family show" at 9pm, and the major fireworks display at midnight. Many of the hotels and bars near the Harbour hold special parties as well. The Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras is a festival organised by and for the gay community. It includes sports, cultural and arts events that run throughout February, culminating in the Mardi Gras parade in Darlinghurst on the first Saturday of March each year. The festival began as a street protest, and has grown into a huge celebration. www.mardigras.org.au Chinese New Year is widely celebrated by Sydney's Chinese community, with the centre of festivities being at Chinatown. Look out for Lion dancing, Dragonboat races at Darling Harbour, and of course plenty of good food. The Bacardi Latin Festival in Darling Harbour is held in early January as part of the Sydney Festival, and contains a week of Latin dancing and music. The Biennale of Sydney is a contemporary arts and multimedia festival held in winter in even numbered years. www.biennaleofsydney.com.au The Sydney Fringe Festival runs from mid-January to mid-February each year, and features fringe art in the form of film, TV, performance and sport. http://www.loud.net.au/projects/fringeTV/main.htm The Sydney Film Festival is held in June each year and shows over 200 movies in 16 days, including an enormous number of Australian movies, most of which will premiere at the festival. www.sydneyfilmfestival.org The Big Day Out, an Australia-wide rock/alternative music festival with a side of dance, plays to up to 60 000 Sydneysiders at a time for one or two days in late January (normally on the January 26th public holiday). Past acts have included Nirvana, the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the Chemical Brothers and Marilyn Manson from overseas, and Powderfinger, Regurgitator and Gerling from Australia. It normally sells out about a fortnight in advance. www.bigdayout.com The Homebake festival is a rock/alternative/dance festival featuring only Australian acts. It is held in the Domain in the city each year in December. www.homebake.com.au The Carols in the Domain are held annually in the Domain in the city on the last Saturday before Christmas. 100 000 people with candles sing along as night falls and the show is also telecast live. www.carolsinthedomain.com BuyShoppingAnything and everything you could possibly want to buy is probably available in Sydney, it may be scattered all over the city, but it will be there. Areas range from the more up-market to bargain and moderately priced items.Pitt Street Mall is the pedestrianised section of Pitt Street in the CBD of Sydney, Australia. It is one block long between Market Street and King Street and is one of Australia's busiest and most cosmopolitan shopping precincts. Despite the districts small size, it is home to many flagship chain stores. Queen Victoria Building is a renowned 20th century building, home to over 400 stores. The building retains a historic architectual style. Located on George St adjacent to Town Hall. Oxford Street close to the CBD in particular, the street is lined with numerous shops, bars and nightclubs. Castlereagh Street is lined by many of Sydney's most expensive boutiques and jewellery stores. Westfield Shopping Centre, Chatswood. A major suburban shopping complex easily reached by train or bus to Chatswood station. Westfield Shopping Centre Bondi Junction is held in similarly high regard as a Sydney fashion centre, and is easily accesible from Bondi Junction railway station which is ten minutes ride by train from Town Hall. Birkenhead Point - A multi-story factory outlet. Short bus ride from the Sydney CBD. Also accesible from the city centre via Ferry from Circular Quay, though the usual trip time is far greater than the equivalent bus trip. EatYou never have to go far to find food in Sydney. As a rough guide, cafes serving breakfast menus start opening at 6am and breakfast is usually served until 11am, or occasionally all day. Orders for lunch start at about noon and continue until about 3pm. Orders for dinner start from 5:30pm, and while there are a small number of exceptions (usually concentrated in areas with active nightlife), last orders for dinner are typically taken around 9pm. Thanks to Sydney's multicultural mix, the range of food available is huge and isn't necessarily expensive. Almost every restaurant will have some staff members who speak english, but the one's that don't will usually have pictures of the dishes in their menu. If in doubt, just point. If you are on a budget Sydneys Chinatown food courts are the best source of cheap food, particularly Eating World just before the Chinatown gate. Most of the vendors in the food court offer $5 food such as the Japanese that offers 6 dishes at $5 each and a lunch menu for $5, the Vietnamese offer filled rolls from $3 and mains from $5 such as Sticky Rice with fried chicken. You can shop round in the food courts in Dixon House, Sussex House and Paddys Market Level 3. In addition the excellent sweet custard buns from the Chinese Bakerys start from around $1. You do not have to spend a lot to have an excellent freshly cooked and importantly healthy meal.Yum cha in Chinatown in the city is very good - arguably even better now than Hong Kong since many of their best chefs moved to Sydney in the 1990s. Yum Cha is an entire meal comprising many small dishes. Dim Sum (actually Dian Xin) means small snacks e.g. spring rolls. Visit the Fish Markets in Darling Harbour. Eat Chinese in the city's Haymarket area in the Sydney Chinatown, as well as in Chatswood on the North Shore, Eastwood to the north, Strathfield in the Inner West, and Hurstville in Sydney's southern suburbs. Qing jin!. Eat Thai in one of the many low priced Thai outlets in Newtown's King Street in the Inner West. Eat Italian in one of the restaurants in Leichhardt's Norton Street, or nearby Ramsay Street, Haberfield in the Inner West. Benvenuto!. Or in Stanley St in East Sydney - a walk from the CBD. Eat Spanish in Liverpool Street in the city. ˇHola!. Eat Portuguese in Petersham in the Inner West. Bom dia!. Eat Indian in one of the many restaurants in the Sydney/Outer West with all types of Indian cuisine (North Indian, South Indian, Vegetarian, meat, etc.) Namaskar!. Eat Korean in Strathfield and Eastwood. Eat Japanese in Neutral Bay. Eat Nepalese in Glebe Point Road, Glebe, in the Inner West. Eat Turkish in Enmore Rd Enmore / South King St Newtown in the Inner West. Get your Sucuklu and Pastirmali here. Eat Lebanese in Cleveland Street in South Sydney. Baba Ghanouj, Lahem Begin and Baclawa here. Salam Alaikum. Eat Vietnamese in Marrickville in the Inner West (accessible by train and bus). Or if you're prepared to travel across Sydney, try Cabramatta, or in Flemington (opposite Flemington Markets). Both places are easily accessible by train, just bring a big appetite. Many of the areas mentioned above also sell produce related to the original nationality of the locals. There are also several districts well known for having a large amount and variety of restaurants. In the north, try Crows Nest, Cremorne, Chatswood, Neutral Bay, Mosman and Lane Cove. In the west - Parramatta, Beverly Hills, Hurstville, Cabramatta. In the East/Inner-city - Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Bondi, Coogee. It is usually possible to find a restaurant of any nationality, specialising in almost any cuisine, in Sydney. Just look around, or ask a local. DrinkSydney has an enormous number of places to drink and party. A limited number of venues have 24 hour licences, however the majority close before 3am and some as early as 11pm, particularly if there are nearby residents. Most venues will have door staff checking photo identification to determine that you are over 18. Admission is also commonly refused to those who seem visibly drunk to the staff. More popular venues have discriminatory door practices, the most common of which is refusing entry to groups of men who are not accompanied by women.Most places have at least a basic dress code. If you're not sure where you're headed and want to get into most generic pubs and clubs you come across, men should wear a collared shirt, neat full-length pants (not jeans) and business-style shoes. Cheaper pubs have looser requirements, and of course different groups follow different fashions. This recipe won't work for entry to a goth club. In almost all cases, women can dress more freely, but a small number of places require closed shoes. Entry charges for live music or DJs are usual and range from $5 to $30 depending on clientele. Entry charges are rare if you're going into a pub for a drink. Note that there is a taxi shift change at 3am, and it is notoriously difficult to catch a taxi anywhere between 2:30am and 3:30am. Some types of nightlife are concentrated in particular areas: Backpackers drink near the hostels, and will find a lot of fellow budget travellers in pubs in the Eastern Suburbs Beaches like Bondi Beach and Kings Cross. In some ways Irish pubs are a global phenomenon, but they've certainly taken Sydney by storm. Irish pubs are concentrated in the Rocks area of the city, and are outrageously popular on the 17th March when the St Patrick's Day parade is held. Large nightclubs are concentrated in the Darling Harbour area. Sydney's large gay scene is concentrated on Oxford Street in Darlinghurst although it still has a large range of pubs and clubs for all ranges of sexuality and is a prominent nightspot for alot of sydney goers Sydney's students drink in the Inner West Some nightclubs and Sydney's younger partygoers are found in North Sydney. There are many great nightclubs in Sydney, unfortunately they are very spread out so it would be a good idea to get an idea of were you want to go. A free magazine called 3D world can be picked up at most clothing stores and music shops which hosts a large range of night spot opportunities. Stay safeSydney has similar crime issues to most large western cities, but that being said, it is a safe place to visit. Be on the lookout for the usual big city crime problems such as pickpocketing, and exercise caution on the rail system late at night, as you would in other cities. It is generally advisable to travel in the carriage closest to the guard's compartment, which is marked with a blue light on the outside of the train.Be careful in the red light area of Kings Cross at night. Although the main street in this area has been cleaned up immesurably by the police, crime does still occur and pickpocketing or mugging can happen to the unwary. Whilst in late 2005 some ethnic tension between white Anglo-Celtic residents and Middle Eastern residents spilled over into rioting at Cronulla Beach and tension is generally on the rise, but the area has recovered and is now much quieter. South-West Sydney has a higher than average crime rate, but most tourists are unlikely to venture there. Get outThere are a number of good day trips from Sydney.Drive across the Bell's Line of Road over the Blue Mountains to Lithgow. Buy some apples from the orchard vendors at the side of the road if driving over in autumn. Travel up into the populated area of the Blue Mountains. There are a number of good day walks in the Katoomba area, or you could tour Jenolan Caves. Royal National Park, in the south of Sydney and accessible by train has nice 1 to 2 day walks Newnes Glen in Wollemi National Park Kanangra Boyd National Park Take a tour of the Hunter Valley wineries. Wollongong is a lovely small city south of Sydney, accessible by driving down the F6 freeway or taking an Illawarra/South Coast line Cityrail train. Head up to Gosford for some quieter, but picturesque beaches. Hostels
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